The 1896 Swedish Mauser
Swedish Mauser M96 Serial Number 379 A couple of weeks ago I happened to pick up a Swedish Mauser at an estate auction. It is a very nice 1898 dated rifle with the serial number of 379. The Swedish Mauser Rifles - North Cape Publications. Northcapepubs.com The first rifles were built at the Carl Gustaf factory with receiver dates starting with 1898 and serial numbers beginning at '1' and ending in 1925 at circa serial number 517,277 or later. The Swedish government paid Mauser a royalty of 2,25 Kronor (Crowns) for each rifle (about US $0.612 at the time).
According to the same source production of the m/94 at Carl Gustafs started in 1896. According to Schinke the highest known serial number for m/96's made by Mauser is #59,940, made by Carl Gustafs #517,277 and made by Husqvarna #702,083. But highest serial number doesn't equal production numbers.
By Chuck Hawks
The Swedish m/96 rifle, which civilians generally call the Swedish Mauser Model 1896 or just the 'Swedish Mauser,' was introduced two years after the famous 6.5x55 cartridge and became its most enduring home. Both rifle and cartridge were tremendously successful.
The Model 1896 rifle remained the primary Swedish service rifle until 1938, when the Model 38 was adopted, and the Model 38 was basically an 1896 with a 24' barrel and an aperture rear sight. The basic 1896 action soldiered into the 1950's, when it was finally replaced by a self-loader.
The 6.5x55 cartridge has been well covered in the pages of Guns and Shooting Online, including a dedicated article and comparison articles on the Rifle Cartridge Page, so I will not go into it in depth here. Suffice to say that it combines the virtues of moderate recoil, reasonable trajectory, and good killing power. It is a medium capacity cartridge that has been proven all over the world. RCBS reports that 6.5x55 reloading dies have consistently been on their top 30 best seller list for many years.
Thousands of surplus Model 1896 Swedish Mausers were imported into the U.S. during the 1950's and 1960's, introducing large numbers of American hunters to the Swedish Mauser service rifle. The m/96 became one of the most desirable surplus rifles. Valued by shooters because it simply shot better, on average, than anything else and by collectors because of its exquisite quality and workmanship. The m/96 is probably the finest of all the early Mausers.
Sweden remained neutral in both the First and Second World Wars ('Neutrality through strength' was one Swedish motto). This means that there were no 'wartime production' short cuts taken with Swedish Mausers, unlike the military rifles of almost all major combatants in the great world conflicts. There are no inferior Swedish m/96 rifles.
Indeed, the fit and finish of the m/96 is superior to that of new military rifles costing far more. My example was made by Carl Gustafs in 1906, and it shames all of the military rifles being made today. This can be taken as a commentary on both the quality and workmanship of the m/96 and the lack of it in most modern military rifles.
The 1896 action is typical of early Mauser designs, with two front locking lugs, a 90 degree bolt lift, a full length extractor for controlled feed (this requires that cartridges be fed into the chamber from the magazine), and a fixed ejector. Unlike the Mauser 98 action, the Model 96 cocks on closing and the bolt handle does not serve as an auxiliary locking lug. Otherwise the two actions are similar.
The bolt handle protrudes straight out from the right side of the action. It is apparently brazed to the bolt body, and carries a serial number that matches the bolt and the rifle. The bolt knob is smooth and round and easy to grasp. The one-piece striker (firing pin) protrudes from the rear of the bolt when cocked, and can be lowered by hand if the user has a strong thumb or fingers.
The three-position safety is located at the rear of the bolt, concentric with the striker, and rotates through approximately 180 degrees. Fully counter-clockwise (as seen from the shooter's position) is 'fire,' fully clockwise is 'safe' and locks the bolt closed, and the intermediate straight-up position is 'safe' but the bolt can be opened. This allows the magazine to be emptied by operating the bolt with the rifle still on 'safe.' This intermediate position also allows the bolt to be disassembled when it is removed from the rifle. The bolt release is a machined steel lever located at the left rear of the receiver that is pulled outward to release the bolt.
Everything about the m/96 action radiates quality. All major and most minor parts are carefully machined from steel; few stampings were used. All key parts bear matching serial numbers. There is even a steel cleaning rod supplied with the rifle. This protrudes from the front of the front receiver ring, which also incorporates the bayonet lug, and it can be removed for use by unscrewing.
The magazine follower is machined steel. After the last round fired and ejected, the follower locks the bolt open for rapid reloading (this was accomplished by means of stripper clips in military service). The magazine box is made of steel, as is the floorplate. The floorplate itself is not hinged, but is quick detachable for unloading by means of a recessed button at its rear. Use a ballpoint pen or the tip of a bullet to release the magazine floorplate. The roomy trigger guard is also machined from steel.
The trigger is a typical two-stage military type. After the initial slack is taken-up (the first stage), the sear is cleanly released with about 4.75 pounds of pressure (the second stage). This is a heavy rifle (approximately 9 pounds on my bathroom scale), so the 4.75 pound trigger pull is proportionately lighter than it sounds.
Unlike many classic military rifles, and almost all modern military rifles, the m/96 stock was clearly designed with an eye for line as well as function. Its overall appearance is slender and well formed, accentuated by its 29' barrel. It wears a straight-hand wood stock with a tapered 3/4 length forearm, oval in cross section, that is secured by a barrel band at the front. There is also a thin 14' handguard that runs from the front receiver ring about half way to the muzzle, also secured by a barrel band. Steel sling swivels are standard. Various woods were used, but the stock on my m/96 is straight grain walnut. The classy looking buttplate is steel.
The Swedish Mauser stock was built for strength. The comb is high and straight, like most modern stocks. This was done to accommodate the tall ladder-type open rear sight. The length of pull measures 14'. Although designed in 1896, this stock is quite modern in shape and feel and will seem familiar to anyone who shoots a rifle with one of today's 'modern classic' style stocks.
One last point about the m/96 stock. There is a brass disc about 30mm in diameter inletted into the right side of the buttstock. There are actually three disc variations, an early 2-screw disc, a later 2-screw disc, and a 1-screw disc. My rifle has the one screw type disc, and the information that follows pertains only to the one screw disc. For information about the two screw discs, or additional details about the one screw disc and lots of other information about Swedish weapons, see Mats' Weapons Page online. That is where I learned how to decipher the disc on my rifle.
The one screw disc is divided into 3 sections, each of which is marked in such a way as to reveal some information about that particular rifle. The smallest 'slice' of the brass disc bears the numbers 1, 2, and 3 with a triangular punch mark over one of the numbers. This indicates the condition of the bore. No punch mark is perfect. 1 means a very few dark areas in the corners of the lands and grooves. 2 indicates rust in the corners of the lands and grooves and possible light rust in the grooves. 3 indicates spots of light rust throughout the grooves, but no sharp edges; this is still acceptable. A rifle scoring lower than 3 was rebarreled. My rifle is a 3, but any rifle passed by the Swedish armorers will shoot very well, as the inspectors were quite picky. The bore of my rifle looks good to the naked eye.
The next slice of the little brass disc indicates the elevation aiming error when shooting the standard m/41 Swedish service load, which used a 140 grain boat-tail spitzer bullet at a MV of around 800 m/s. There are three Swedish words in this sector of the disc. 'Torped' indicates the 140 grain BT spitzer bullet (there was an earlier 156 grain RN bullet), 'Overslag' means over, followed by a space and then 'Str.' Str is the abbreviation for streck, a unit of angle, and there are 6300 streck to a circle. Streck were used in a manner similar to the way North American shooters use minutes of angle. If there is a number in the blank space between Overslag and Str. it indicates the amount the rifle shoots over in terms of streck. 1 streck equals approximately 1/10 meter at 100 meters. So a 1 in the space on the disc indicates that rifle would shoot 10 cm (or a little less than 4') above the point of aim at 100 meters. The space is blank on my rifle's disc, indicating that it shoots to point of aim.
The largest slice of the disc has an outer and an inner arc of numbers. The outer arc bears numbers '6.51' followed by the numbers 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 (my rifle has a punch mark over the '2'). The inner arc bears the numbers '6.46' followed by 7,8,9,0 (no punch mark over a number in the inner arc on my rifle). It is my understanding that these numbers reveal the nominal bore (6.46mm) and groove (6.51mm) diameters of a new barrel. The punch mark(s) reveals the actual diameter of the particular barrel (and thus, presumably, any wear). Thus, my barrel has a groove diameter of 6.52mm. Apparently the bore diameter of my barrel measured right at 6.46mm.
If the groove diameter measures between 6.51mm and 6.53mm all was well. If the groove diameter measured 6.54mm-6.55mm the rifle was used only for training. If the groove diameter exceeded 6.56mm the rifle was rebarreled. The Swedes are very meticulous people!
The long barrel and relatively heavy (but not excessive) weight make the m/96 an easy rifle to shoot from offhand or other unsupported positions. It hangs steady when aligned with the target.
The m/96 was supplied with a clever, ladder-type open rear sight, mounted on the barrel in front of the action, where open rear sights are usually found. But this example is unusual that there are three stepped positions for ranges of 300, 400, and 500 meters with the ladder folded down (what the Swedish Army probably thought of as the 'battle sight' position), and elevation stops for 600 to 2000 meters (!) when the ladder is raised. Windage adjustments were accomplished by sliding the front sight in its dovetail. This was done by Swedish armorers, not regular soldiers. Whoever did mine knew his business; I found the windage to be right on the first time that I test fired my rifle.
The m/96 is a very accurate service rifle. This was proven during the early years of the 20th Century, when the various powers held international service rifle matches. The host country provided the rifles and ammunition used in these matches to all of the teams so that all competitors used the host nations service rifle. In the entire history of this series of matches, the best scores across the board were not shot with the U.S. M-1903 Springfield, the British Lee-Enfield, or the vaunted German Model 98 Mauser, but with the Swedish m/96 and the Swiss Schmidt-Rubin rifles. These are the most accurate of the classic bolt action military rifles. No collection of military Mausers should be without a Swedish Model 1896.
The Swedish Mauser as it is affectionately called got its beginnings in 1896. The Swedish chose the 6.5x55mm cartridge and the 1896 Mauser or M96 as their rifle of choice. The rifle would remain basically unchanged until 1938, when a new shorter model would be introduced known as the M38 Swedish Mauser.
While the Germans have always been known for their craftsmanship, the Sweds took craftsmanship to a new level with the Swedish Mauser. They required the guns to be manufactured using Swedish high-grade steel (Swedish Steel) and a mixture of various metals including copper, nickel and vanadium. This process produced exceptional strength and corrosive-resistant properties. It was also claimed to have been made from superior steel than the normal steel of the times. One of the reasons for the high quality of the Swedish Mauser is because Sweden never entered wars like most other nations.
Swedish Mausers were manufactured in Sweden Carl Gustafs stads Gevärsfaktori, in Germany by Waffenfabrik Mauser Oberndorf a/N and by and Husqvarna Vapenfabriks Aktiebolag. The actual production for the Swedish Mauser didn’t really start until 1898, when the Carl Gustafs federal armory started producing them. Due to the tooling up period and slow production, some of these earlier models were also contracted out to be made by Mauser and later by Husqvarna during WWII.
The Swedish Mauser was used by the Finnish army against the Russians (Finnish-Russian War 1939-1940 also called the Winter War). The Fins stamped theirs with the letters “SA” for any Swedish Mauser used during the Russian War. Finland was provided about 77,000 of the M96 Swedish rifles throughout this period, but most of them came near the end of the conflict. There were also about 8,000 Swedish volunteers that arrived armed with the Swedish Mauser M96s.
Overview
Name – 1896 Mauser, M96 or Swedish Mauser
Weight – 9.2 pounds
Length – 49″
Barrel Length – 29″
Ammunition – 6.5 x 55mm
Manufactures – Carl Gustafs Stads, Husqvarna, and Mauser
Sweden eventually replaced the Swedish Mauser with the shorter barrel version (7 inches shorter) called the M38 when in 1938 the new shorter Swedish Mauser rifle was being produced.
One interesting note is each rifle comes with a brass disk fitted to the right side of the rifle stock. The disk gives some insight as to the condition of the weapon.
There are 3 distinct pie shape slices. The largest slice or wedge represents the level of bore erosion. Bores were measured from 6.46 to 6.59mm and refer to the diameter of the bore. Increments are very nearly spaced .0004″ apart, or 4 ten-thousandths of an inch.
The second biggest wedge represents how much to adjust the gun based on the M94 and M41 Swedish Mauser 1896 M96 cartridges. “Torped” refers to the boat-tail 139gr m/41 bullet. “Overslag” refers to over shooting, and the “str” is abbreviated for streck. There are 6300 streck in a circle. One streck equals .1m at 100 meters. This is really an indication of how high a bullet will strike the target in relation to point-of-aim.
The last or smallest slice indicates what condition the rifle bore is. The lower the number the better the bore is. This is rated 0-4. A rating of 0 means that the bore is almost new and a rating of 4 means the barrel should be replaced. A rating of 0 means there are no triangle stamps next to above any of the numbers.
A little stamped triangle next to a number in each pie shape indicates deterioration of the gun.
The brass disk shown above is the latest version of the disks. Prior versions didn’t contain as much information and Earlier models contained either two screws or zero screws.
Swedish Mauser Bayonets
The Swedish Mauser has a rather nifty bayonet that can be attached to the rifle. The bayonets are called Swedish bayonets or Swedish 1896 bayonets. Most of the bayonets were either made by Eskilstuna Jernmanufactur AB (EJ-anchor-AB) beginning around 1899 – 1912. They made 280,000 of which the first 10,000 had 4 digit serial numbers. The 3 digit bayonets numbering went up to 999. Once the sequence hit 999, they started the numbering at 001 again.
Starting around 1913 Carl Gustafs Stads Gevärsfaktori (“Rifle Factory of Carl Gustaf’s town”) (Crown/C) took over production. The early versions had what was known as a flat locking stud and were double edged. These were produced from 1899 – 1904. Around 1905 the design was changed to a conical stud and single edge (One side being dull).
The last rifle to use this bayonet was the M1942 and it went out of service in 1964.
Bayonet Markings
The use of unit markings on the bayonets ended in 1933, so if there are unit marks, that most likely means the bayonet was made before 1933. Unmarked bayonets could have been issued anywhere from 1901-1964.
The normal sequence is a company number; a regiment code; a bayonet/weapon number. Regiment codes follow a set pattern with an ‘I’ for Infantry followed by the regiment number, and a ‘K’ for cavalry, followed by cavalry regiment number.
Each bayonet and scabbard had either a 3 or 4 digit (early version) serial number that corresponds to the Swedish M96 rifle serial number that the bayonet was issued with.
If you can find the earlier version of the Swedish bayonet with the Flat Stud or the 4 digit serial number it is worth more. As with all bayonets, finding matching number hilts and scabbards always makes them worth a little more. The bayonet itself is rather unique since it was made entirely from metal with a hollow tube shaped handle. The overall length is 335mm and the blade is 210mm. Typical prices range from $40-$80 and really is a great deal considering how well these are made.
Now of course with many antiques, countries like China, they are always producing fakes.
Swedish Bayonet Recap
Swedish Mauser Serial Numbers Date
1899 – 1912 – Bayonets made by Eskilstuna Jernmanufactur AB (EJ-anchor-AB)
1913 – 1964 Bayonets made by Carl Gustafs Stads Gevärsfaktori (“Rifle Factory of Carl Gustaf’s town”) (Crown/C)
Pre – 1933 – Bayonets with unit markings
1901 – 1964 – May not have unit markings
When searching for the bayonet, use the following search terms “Swedish Bayonet”, “Swede Bayonet”, “1896 Bayonet”, “M96 Bayonet”
Here is another reference website http://www.holmback.se/bayonets/Notes/SwedStamps.html
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